Media sources are reporting that Chinese researchers have performed a precise “chemical surgery” on human embryos to remove disease in a world first. The scientists successfully performed ‘chemical surgery’ on the genetic code of an embryo, ridding it of an inherited blood disease.The DNA alteration, made possible for the first time ever by the CRISPR editing tool, was undertaken by a team of researchers in China who told the BBC about their results.
The team at Sun Yat-sen University used a technique called base editing to correct a single error out of the three billion “letters” of our genetic code. They altered lab-made embryos to remove the disease beta-thalassemia. The embryos were not implanted. The team says the approach may one day treat a range of inherited diseases. Base editing alters the fundamental building blocks of DNA: the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. They are commonly known by their respective letters, A, C, G and T.
All the instructions for building and running the human body are encoded in combinations of those four bases.
The potentially life-threatening blood disorder beta-thalassemia is caused by a change to a single base in the genetic code – known as a point mutation. The team in China edited it back. They scanned DNA for the error then converted a G to an A, correcting the fault. Junjiu Huang, one of the researchers said: “We are the first to demonstrate the feasibility of curing genetic disease in human embryos by base editor system.” He said their study opens new avenues for treating patients and preventing babies being born with beta-thalassemia, “and even other inherited diseases”. The experiments were performed in tissues taken from a patient with the blood disorder and in human embryos made through cloning.
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